During the COVID-19 outbreak, ozone and UV doses were adjusted to achieve a high level of disinfection whereas the residual chlorine concentration was relatively stable, exerting less adverse impact from chlorination. Research results indicated that ozonation results in a 20-30% increase in UV transmittance of the water, consequently the UV dose can be reduced. By optimising the combination of ozonation, UV irradiation, and chlorination with sodium hypochlorite based on influent water quality, the advantages of each disinfection technology and the synergy among different technologies can be fully realized. The proposed disinfection system can be used to evaluate six different operation schemes. 1 Combined disinfection scheme of centralized urban recycled water system The disinfection efficacy of this combined system is less likely affected by fluctuations in influent flow and water quality.įig. The use of multiple disinfection technologies provides enhanced reliability, robustness, and flexibility for reclaimed water disinfection.
Due to this consideration, Beijing Drainage Group collaborates with the Tsinghua University on a research project entitled “Research and Demonstration of Key Treatment Technologies for Enhancement of Reclaimed Water Quality in Beijing.” The treatment scheme investigated is shown in Figure 1 and focuses on a centralized urban recycled water system.Īs shown in the figure, different disinfection technologies are combined and monitoring and control measures are employed to provide multiple barriers for water quality protection. For example, if chlorine is the only disinfectant used and its doses are increased to achieve a higher disinfection standard (e.g., fecal coliform below detectable level), the chlorine residual in the effluent may become excessive (>0.3 mg Cl 2/L), resulting in adverse effect on the ecological environment of the receiving water. Each disinfectant has its advantages and limitations. The most commonly used wastewater disinfection practices include chlorine (in the form of gaseous chlorine or sodium hypochlorite), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and ozonation. Before this information is collected, a common practice by the treatment plants is to increase the It is critical that wastewater treatment facilities implement effective disinfection practice to ensure the virus does not spread via reclaimed effluent during the outbreak.īecause COVID-19 is newly discovered, research is still being conducted to understand its characteristics such as viability, survival time, migration patterns and transmission pathways, and inactivation by conventional disinfection practices. In China and other countries, COVID-19 has been found to be viable in stool and urine samples collected from patients infected by the virus. How do the treatment facilities handle this deadly pandemic caused by a new virus? It is the moment the utilities to prove that they are robust and safe providing essential services for their societies and the environment. A pandemic outbreak caused by a virus leads to insecurity among populations. Working for communities and cities, providing people with water and wastewater services, the water utilities are under close observation to provide safe drinking water and sanitation. On 30 January 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak global health crisis, and less than1 1/2 months later, on 11 March 2020 she declared that COVID-19 has become a pandemic. Slide 3 details.Robustness and Flexibility of Combined Disinfection Processes – Operations Under COVID-19 OutbreakĪt the end of 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) occurred in China and the virus has rapidly spread across the country. In this case, it helped us to simplify our sanitary sewer network to align with our CMMS and CCTV systems." Carl Von Stetten, CCCSD "CCCSD has been using FME for more than 15 years to solve a variety of spatial and non-spatial data transformation and automation problems.
All the things PNM does with FME would be impossible to accomplish manually." Aaron Allen, PNM
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"FME is hands down the best GIS software I have worked with in my 20+ years in the profession. "We now have a system that can quickly get the localities' data into our hands, without having to worry about whether the locality is meeting the specified data model and quality requirements." Clay Wise, HRSD In fact, we estimate the money saved in our first year alone is nearly one-million dollars." Cindy Tuttle, SAWS "Without this cost-effective data interoperability tool, we would have needed to double our team to accomplish what we did with a few people’s effort.
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